‘-ither’ words all have the implication ‘to a place / time / end’, the selection of the meaning of location, time, or consequence depending on the context. Hither, thither, and whither are typically locational; most uses of hitherto are temporal. All uses of hitherward(s) and thitherward are locational. There is a close link between whither and thither, as |
seen in such pairings as ‘Whither I go, thither shall you go too’ (1H4 II.iii.118). Context also motivates the choice between a static and a dynamic interpretation of place - ‘whither away’, in particular, carries a more dynamic force, as in ‘Whither away so fast?’ (R3 II.iii.1). |
hither and hither-
Item |
Location |
Example |
Gloss |
hither |
AYL I.i.148 |
I am heartily glad I came hither to you |
here, to this place |
hitherto |
1H6 III.iii.9 |
We have been guided by thee hitherto |
up to now, thus far |
hitherto |
1H4 III.i.70 |
England, from Trent and Severn hitherto, / By south and east is to my part assigned |
to this place, to this point |
hitherto |
Ham III.ii.216 |
And hitherto doth love on fortune tend |
to this extent |
hitherward |
KL IV.iv.21 |
The British powers are marching hitherward |
in this direction, towards this place |
hitherwards |
1H4 IV.i.92 |
The Earl of Westmoreland seven thousand strong / Is marching hitherwards |
in this direction, towards this place |
thither and thither-
Item |
Location |
Example |
Gloss |
thither |
Ham IV.iii.32 |
In heaven. Send thither to see. |
there, to that place |
thither |
AYL I.i.161 |
Nothing remains but that I kindle the boy thither |
to that end |
thitherward |
AW III.ii.52 |
We met him thitherward |
in that direction, towards that place |
whither and -whither
Item |
Location |
Example |
Gloss |
whither |
H8 V.i.6 |
Whither so late? |
to which place, to whatever place |
whither |
Per IV.vi.124 |
Whither would you have me? |
to what result, for what purpose |
somewhither |
Tit IV.i.11 |
Somewhither would she have thee go with her |
somewhere |
HERE, THERE, AND WHERE; HENCE, THENCE, AND WHENCE